Genetic Information in the Taxonomy of Hulled Wheats (fam. Poaceae, tribe Triticeae). With special reference to Triticum sect. Monococcum <B>Genetic Information in the Taxonomy of Hulled Wheats (fam. Poaceae, tribe Triticeae). With special reference to Triticum sect. Monococcum</B><P> </B><EM><B></B></EM><B>A T Szabfi</B><BR> Lab. Ecol. Genet. Evol. Crop., Dept. Genet. Env. Sci. Berzsenyi College, 9701 Szombathely, POB 170, Hungary<B></B><P> In continuation of former studies (Szabfi and Hammer, 1996) interrelated problems of evolution, genetics, taxonomy, systematics and nomenclature in a distinct group of festucoid grasses (pre) adapted for cultivation are briefly discussed in the lecture. The group belonging to tribe Triticeae<I> </I>diversified mostly during a lasting process of coevolution with Hominidae, especially with <I>Homo sapiens, </I>and reached an important ecological position and a high genetic diversity. The systematics (and even the taxonomy and nomenclature) of the tribe is based largely on genetic data accumulated mostly in breeding work and genetic resource research. The Triticeae grasses are regarded here accordingly as model organisms, case studies of many desired developments needed by "New Systematics"<I>:</I> the outline of taxonomically relevant genomes, the identification of taxonomically important genes, the treatment of groups emerged by polyphyletic (reticulate) evolution, and problems faced on the borderline between wild and cultivated (including the weedy relatives of neglected, hulled wheats from the <I>Monococcum</I> complex).<BR> For the taxonomic treatment of some population genetic phenomena frequently observed in early phases of domestication a new designation is proposed: the category of the "registered plant-genetic resource" (rpr.). This new category should complement both (spontaneous and cultivated) botanical codes.<BR> Genetic diversity has been accumulated in this group mostly on intraspecific level, so problems related with infraspecific taxonomy of wild and cultivated Triticeae are also exemplified. In accordance with the contemporary needs of plant systematics (the study of living plant in experimental conditions) a new type of herbarium collection is proposed in order to preserve jointly in deep freezers the germplasm and the herbarium sample ("Herbarium Geneticum Vivum").<B><BR> Finally a much broader definition of "bioinformatics" is discussed, in order to cover the theory and practice of taxonomical databases and seed (gene) banks available online or off-line ("taxonomics"), the data and the gene libraries preserving individual DNA sequences derived from different "genome-projects" (genomics or germplasm science), as well as the theoretical and practical study of the organisation of genetic sequences in a functional whole ("genematics"). The genematical approach is especially promising for taxonomy because may reveal new information regarding the structure and function of genome in different taxa.</B><P>