Growth, food conversion and agonistic behaviour in common dentex (Dentex dentex) juveniles fed on pelleted moist and dry diets
Growth, food conversion and agonistic behaviour in common dentex (Dentex dentex) juveniles fed on pelleted moist and dry diets
Stefan Efthimiou(1), Pascal Divanach(2) and Harald
Rosenthal(1)
(1) Institut fur Meereskunde an der Universitat Kiel,
Dusternbrooker Weg 20, D-24105 Kiel, Germany
(2) Institute of Marine Biology of Crete, 71003 Iraklio,
Crete, Greece
Accepted September 19, 1994.
Efthimiou S., P. Divanach, H. Rosenthal. Aquat. Living
Resour., 1994, 7, 267-275,
Abstract
Juveniles of the common dentex (Dentex dentex ) (2.4
g mean weight), were grown over a 6-week period, fed
exclusively on a commercial sea bream diet or an isocaloric
moist pellet diet, which was produced on site. Ambient
temperature (24.4-26.2oC) and oxygen content (4.8-5.9
mg/L), as well as the relatively low stocking density
(max. 2.62 kg/m3) provided favourable rearing conditions.
Survival (63.8 % vs 51.6 %), specific growth rates
(6.1 % vs 4.5 %) and food conversion efficiency (115.8
% vs 76.3 %) were considerably elevated in the group
fed on moist pellets. The growth performance parameters
recorded are considered to be favourable for aquaculture
requirements. Agonistic behaviour (particular biting
of the tail) was found to be the main cause of the
continuous mortality that occurred in both feed groups
(78 % and 64.8 % of total mortality in the dry- and
moist-pellet group, respectively). These biting attacks
targeted the smallest individuals in a tank whose mean
individual weight made up 49-62% (with dry pellet diet)
and 28.9-46.6% (with moist pellet diet) of the respective
mean weights. The results indicate a strong relationship
between nutrition, size variation and agonistic behaviour
in the rearing of common dentex juveniles.
Keywords: Dentex dentex, Sparidae, feeding, survival,
growth, food conversion, agonistic behaviour, aquaculture.
Croissance, taux de conversion alimentaire et comportement
agressif chez des juveniles du dente commun (Dentex
dentex) nourris au moyen de granules humides et secs.
Resume
Des juveniles du dents common (Dentex dentex) (2,4 g
de poids moyen) ont ete eleves durant une periode de
6 semaines et nourris exclusivement a base d'aliment
commercial pour daurade ou bien a base de granules
humides isocaloriques qui ont ete produits sur place.
La temperature ambiante (24,4-26,2oC), la teneur en
oxygene dissous (4,8-5,9 mg/L) ainsi que la densite
relativement faible des poissons (max. 2,62 kg/m3)
se sont averees des conditions d'elevage favorables.
Le taux de survie (63,8 % vs 51,6 %), les taux de croissance
specifiques (6,1 %, vs 4,5 %) et le taux de conversion
alimentaire (115,8 % vs 76,8 %) ont ete considerablement
eleves dans le groupe de poissons nourris de granules
humides. Les parametres de croissance enregistres
sont consideres comme favorables pour l''aquaculture.
Des comportements telles que des morsures de queue
ont ete les causes principales de mortalite observee
dans les 2 groupes (78 et 65 % de la mortalite totale
des groupes nourris a base de granules secs et humides
respectivement). Ces attaques de morsures ont porte
sur les individus les plus petits dans un bac, dont
le gain en poids moyen individuel a augmente de 49-62
% (granules secs) et 29-47 % (granules secs). Les
resultats indiquent une forte relation entre l'alimentation,
la taille des poissons et le comportement agressif
dans l'elevage de juveniles de dente commun.
Mots-cles: Dentex dentexx, Sparidae, alimentation, survie,
croissance, taux de conversion alimentaire, comportement,
aquaculture
Aquat. Living Resour., 1994, 7, 267-275