Emissivity of Specific Materials

Adobe Alloys Aluminum Asphalt Basalt Bismuth Brass Brick Cadmium Carbon Carborundum Cast iron Ceramic Chromium Clay Columbium Concrete Copper Cotton cloth Dolomite lime Dow metal Emery corundum Glass Gold Granite Gravel

Gypsum Haynes Alloy C., oxidized Haynes Alloy 25, oxidized Haynes Alloy X., oxidized Ice Inconel Iron Lacquer Lead Lime mortar Limestone Magnesium Magnesium oxide Marble Mercury Mica Oil on nickel Oil, linseed Paints Paints, aluminum Paints, bronze Paints, oil Palladium plate Paper Plastics (average) Platinum

Quartz Red lead Rhodium flash Rubber Sand Sawdust Silica Silver Slate Snow Soil Steel Steel alloys Stellite, polished Stonework Tantalum Tin Tinned iron Titanium Tungsten Uranium oxide Water Wood Wrought iron Zinc

The emissivity information below was determined under ideal conditions. Note: Surface contamination such as dust, oil films, or other agents will affect the actual emissivity of your material.

MATERIAL	TEMPERATURE		EMISSIVITY
	°F	°C
Adobe	68	20	0.90
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MATERIAL	TEMPERATURE		EMISSIVITY
	°F	°C
Alloys:
Alloy 24ST, polished	75	24	0.90
Alloy 75ST	75	24	0.11
20-Ni, 25-Cr, 55-Fe, oxidized	392 932	200 500	0.90 0.97
60-Ni, 12-Cr, 28-Fe, oxidized	518 1040	270 560	0.89 0.82
80-Ni, 20-Cr, oxidized	212 1112 2372	100 600 1300	0.87 0.87 0.89
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MATERIAL	TEMPERATURE		EMISSIVITY
	°F	°C
Aluminum:
Unoxidized	77 212 932	25 100 500	0.02 0.03 0.06
Oxidized	390 1110	199 599	0.11 0.19
Oxidized @1110°F	390 1110	199 599	0.11 0.19
Heavily oxidized	200 940	93 504	0.20 0.31
Highly polished	212	100	0.09
Roughly polished	212	100	0.18
Commercial sheet	212	100	0.09
Highly polished plate	440 1070	227 577	0.04 0.06
Bright rolled plate	338 932	170 500	0.04 0.05
Alloy A3003, oxidized	600 900	315 482	0.40 0.40
Alloy 1100-0	200 to 800	93 to 427	0.05
Alloy 24ST	75	24	0.09
Alloy 24ST, polished	75	24	0.09
Alloy 75ST	75	24	0.11
Alloy 75ST, polished	75	24	0.08
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MATERIAL	TEMPERATURE		EMISSIVITY
	°F	°C
Asphalt:
Pavement	100	38	0.93
Tar paper	68	20	0.93
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MATERIAL	TEMPERATURE		EMISSIVITY
	°F	°C
Basalt	68	20	0.72
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MATERIAL	TEMPERATURE		EMISSIVITY
	°F	°C
Bismuth:
Bright	176	80	0.34
Unoxidized	77 212	25 100	0.05 0.06
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MATERIAL	TEMPERATURE		EMISSIVITY
	°F	°C
Brass:
Matte	68	20	0.07
Burnished to brown color	68	20	0.40
Cu-Zn, brass oxidized	392 752 1112	200 400 600	0.61 0.60 0.61
Unoxidized	77	25	0.04
Unoxidized	212	100	0.04
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MATERIAL	TEMPERATURE		EMISSIVITY
	°F	°C
Brick:
Red, rough	70	21	0.93
Gault cream	2500 to 5000	1371 to 2760	0.26 to 0.30
Fire clay	2500	1371	0.75
Light buff	1000	538	0.80
Lime clay	2500	1371	0.43
Fire brick	1832	1000	0.75 to 0.80
Magnesite, refractory	1832	1000	0.38
Gray brick	2012	1100	0.75
Silica, glazed	2000	1093	0.88
Silica, unglazed	2000	1093	0.80
Sandime	2500 to 5000	1371 to 2760	0.59 to 0.63
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MATERIAL	TEMPERATURE		EMISSIVITY
	°F	°C
Cadmium	77	25	0.02
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MATERIAL	TEMPERATURE		EMISSIVITY
	°F	°C
Carbon:
Lamp black	77	25	0.95
Unoxidized	77	25	0.81
Unoxidized	212 932	100 500	0.81 0.79
Candle soot	250	121	0.95
Filament	500	260	0.95
Graphitized	212 572 932	100 300 500	0.76 0.75 0.71
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MATERIAL	TEMPERATURE		EMISSIVITY
	°F	°C
Carborundum	1850	1010	0.92
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MATERIAL	TEMPERATURE		EMISSIVITY
	°F	°C
Cast iron:
Oxidized	390 1110	199 599	0.64 0.78
Unoxidized	212	100	0.21
Strong oxidation	104 482	40 250	0.95 0.95
Liquid	2795	1535	0.29
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MATERIAL	TEMPERATURE		EMISSIVITY
	°F	°C
Ceramic:
Alumina on Inconel	800 to 2000	427 to 1093	0.69 to 0.45
Earthenware, glazed	70	21	0.90
Earthenware, matte	70	21	0.93
Greens, No. 5210-2C	200 to 750	93 to 399	0.89 to 0.82
Coating, No. C20A	200 to 750	93 to 399	0.73 to 0.67
Porcelain	72	22	0.92
White, Al2O3	200	93	0.90
Zirconia on Inconel	800 to 2000	427 to 1093	0.62 to 0.45
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MATERIAL	TEMPERATURE		EMISSIVITY
	°F	°C
Chromium:
Chromium	100 1000	38 538	0.08 0.26
Chromium, polished	302	150	0.06
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MATERIAL	TEMPERATURE		EMISSIVITY
	°F	°C
Clay:	68	20	0.39
Fired	158	70	0.91
Shale	68	20	0.69
Tiles, light red	2500 to 5000	1371 to 2760	0.32 to 0.34
Tiles, red	2500 to 5000	1371 to 2760	0.40 to 0.51
Tiles, dark purple	2500 to 5000	1371 to 2760	0.78
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MATERIAL	TEMPERATURE		EMISSIVITY
	°F	°C
Columbium:
Unoxidized	1500 2000	816 1093	0.19 0.24
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MATERIAL	TEMPERATURE		EMISSIVITY
	°F	°C
Concrete:
Rough	32 to 200	0 to 93	0.94
Tiles, natural	2500 to 5000	1371 to 2760	0.63 to 0.62
Tiles, brown	2500 to 5000	1371 to 2760	0.87 to 0.83
Tiles, black	2500 to 5000	1371 to 2760	0.94 to 0.91
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MATERIAL	TEMPERATURE		EMISSIVITY
	°F	°C
Copper:
Black, oxidized	100	38	0.78
Etched	100	38	0.09
Matte	100	38	0.22
Roughly polished	100	38	0.07
Polished	100	38	0.03
Highly polished	100	38	0.02
Rolled	100	38	0.64
Rough	100	38	0.74
Molten	1000 1970 2230	538 108 1221	0.15 0.16 0.13
Nickel plated	100 to 500	38 to 260	0.37
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MATERIAL	TEMPERATURE		EMISSIVITY
	°F	°C
Cotton cloth	68	20	0.77
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MATERIAL	TEMPERATURE		EMISSIVITY
	°F	°C
Dolomite lime	68	20	0.41
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MATERIAL	TEMPERATURE		EMISSIVITY
	°F	°C
Dow metal	0 to 600	-18 to 315	0.15
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MATERIAL	TEMPERATURE		EMISSIVITY
	°F	°C
Emery corundum	176	80	0.86
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MATERIAL	TEMPERATURE		EMISSIVITY
	°F	°C
Glass:
Convex D	212 600 932	100 315 500	0.80 0.80 0.76
Nonex	212 600 932	100 315 500	0.82 0.82 0.78
Smooth	32 to 200	0 to 93	0.92 to 0.94
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MATERIAL	TEMPERATURE		EMISSIVITY
	°F	°C
Gold:
Enamel	212	100	0.37
Plate (0.001) on 0.0005 silver	200 to 750	93 to 399	0.11 to 0.14
Plate (0.001) on 0.005 nickel	200 to 750	93 to 399	0.07 to 0.09
Polished	100 to 500 1000 to 2000	38 to 260 538 to 1093	0.02 0.03
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MATERIAL	TEMPERATURE		EMISSIVITY
	°F	°C
Granite	70	21	0.45
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MATERIAL	TEMPERATURE		EMISSIVITY
	°F	°C
Gravel	100	38	0.28
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MATERIAL	TEMPERATURE		EMISSIVITY
	°F	°C
Gypsum	68	20	0.80 to 0.90
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MATERIAL	TEMPERATURE		EMISSIVITY
	°F	°C
Haynes Alloy C., oxidized	600 to 2000	316 to 1093	0.90 to 0.96
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MATERIAL	TEMPERATURE		EMISSIVITY
	°F	°C
Haynes Alloy 25, oxidized	600 to 2000	316 to 1093	0.86 to 0.89
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MATERIAL	TEMPERATURE		EMISSIVITY
	°F	°C
Haynes Alloy X., oxidized	600 to 2000	316 to 1093	0.85 to 0.88
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MATERIAL	TEMPERATURE		EMISSIVITY
	°F	°C
Ice:
Smooth	32	0	0.97
Rough	32	0	0.98
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MATERIAL	TEMPERATURE		EMISSIVITY
	°F	°C
Inconel:
Sheet	1000 1200 1400	538 649 760	0.28 0.42 0.58
Inconel X, polished	75	24	0.19
Inconel B, polished	75	24	0.21
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MATERIAL	TEMPERATURE		EMISSIVITY
	°F	°C
Iron:
Oxidized	212 930 2190	100 499 1199	0.74 0.89 0.89
Unoxidized	212	100	0.05
Red rust	77	25	0.70
Rusted	77	25	0.65
Liquid	2760 to 3220	1516 to 1771	0.42 to 0.45
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MATERIAL	TEMPERATURE		EMISSIVITY
	°F	°C
Lacquer:
Black	200	93	0.96
Blue, on aluminum foil	100	38	0.78
Clear, on aluminum foil, 2 coats	200	93	0.08 (0.09)
Clear, on bright copper	200	93	0.66
Clear, on tarnished copper	200	93	0.64
Red, on aluminum foil, 2 coats	100	38	0.61 (0.74)
White, on aluminum foil, 2 coats	100	38	0.69 (0.88)
White	200	93	0.95
Yellow, on aluminum foil, 2 coats	100	38	0.57 (0.79)
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MATERIAL	TEMPERATURE		EMISSIVITY
	°F	°C
Lead:
Polished	100 to 500	38 to 260	0.06 to 0.08
Rough	100	38	0.43
Oxidized	100	38	0.43
Oxidized @ 1100¡F	100	38	0.63
Oxidized, gray	100	38	0.28
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MATERIAL	TEMPERATURE		EMISSIVITY
	°F	°C
Lime mortar	100 to 500	38 to 260	0.90 to 0.92
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MATERIAL	TEMPERATURE		EMISSIVITY
	°F	°C
Limestone	100	38	0.95
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MATERIAL	TEMPERATURE		EMISSIVITY
	°F	°C
Magnesium	100 to 500	38 to 260	0.07 to 0.13
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MATERIAL	TEMPERATURE		EMISSIVITY
	°F	°C
Magnesium oxide	1800 to 3140	982 to 1727	0.16 to 0.20
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MATERIAL	TEMPERATURE		EMISSIVITY
	°F	°C
Marble:
White	100	38	0.95
Smooth	100	38	0.56
Polished gray	100	38	0.75
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MATERIAL	TEMPERATURE		EMISSIVITY
	°F	°C
Mercury	32 77 100 212	0 25 38 100	0.09 0.10 0.10 0.12
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MATERIAL	TEMPERATURE		EMISSIVITY
	°F	°C
Mica	100	38	0.75
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MATERIAL	TEMPERATURE		EMISSIVITY
	°F	°C
Oil on nickel:
0.001 film	72	22	0.27
0.002 film	72	22	0.46
0.005 film	72	22	0.72
Thick film	72	22	0.82
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MATERIAL	TEMPERATURE		EMISSIVITY
	°F	°C
Oil, linseed:
On aluminum foil, uncoated	250	121	0.09
On aluminum foil, 1 coat	250	121	0.56
On aluminum foil, 2 coats	250	121	0.51
On polished iron, 0.001 film	100	38	0.22
On polished iron, 0.002 film	100	38	0.45
On polished iron, 0.004 film	100	38	0.65
On polished iron, thick film	100	38	0.83
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MATERIAL	TEMPERATURE		EMISSIVITY
	°F	°C
Paints:
Blue, CO2O3	75	24	0.94
Black, CuO	75	24	0.96
Green, Cu2O3	75	24	0.92
Red, Fe2O3	75	24	0.91
White, Al2O3	75	24	0.94
White, Y2O3	75	24	0.90
White, ZnO	75	24	0.95
White, MgCO3	75	24	0.91
White, ZrO2	75	24	0.95
White, ThCO2	75	24	0.90
White, MgO	75	24	0.91
White, PbCO3	75	24	0.93
Yellow, PbO	75	24	0.90
Yellow, PbCrO4	75	24	0.93
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MATERIAL	TEMPERATURE		EMISSIVITY
	°F	°C
Paints, aluminum:	100	38	0.27 to 0.67
10% Al	100	38	0.52
26% Al	100	38	0.30
DOW XP-310	200	93	0.22
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MATERIAL	TEMPERATURE		EMISSIVITY
	°F	°C
Paints, bronze:	Low		0.34 to 0.80
Gum varnish, 2 coats	70	21	0.53
Gum varnish, 3 coats	70	21	0.50
Cellulose binder, 2 coats	70	21	0.34
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MATERIAL	TEMPERATURE		EMISSIVITY
	°F	°C
Paints, oil:
All colors	200	93	0.92 to 0.96
Black	200	93	0.92
Black gloss	70	21	0.90
Camouflage green	125	52	0.85
Flat black	80	27	0.88
Flat white	80	27	0.91
Gray green	70	21	0.95
Green	200	93	0.95
Lamp black	209	98	0.96
Red	200	93	0.95
White	200	93	0.94
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MATERIAL	TEMPERATURE		EMISSIVITY
	°F	°C
Palladium plate (0.00005) on 0.0005 silver	200 to 750	93 to 399	0.16 to 0.17
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MATERIAL	TEMPERATURE		EMISSIVITY
	°F	°C
Paper:
Kraft (average non-glass)	—	—	0.90
Offset (glass)	—	—	0.50 to 0.60
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MATERIAL	TEMPERATURE		EMISSIVITY
	°F	°C
Plastics (average)	Low		0.95
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MATERIAL	TEMPERATURE		EMISSIVITY
	°F	°C
Platinum:
Platinum, black	100 500 2000	38 260 1093	0.93 0.96 0.97
Platinum, oxidized @ 1100°F	500 1000	260 538	0.07 0.11
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MATERIAL	TEMPERATURE		EMISSIVITY
	°F	°C
Quartz:
Rough, fused:	70	21	0.93
Glass, 1.98 mm	540 1540	282 838	0.90 0.41
Glass, 6.88 mm	540 1540	282 838	0.93 0.47
Opaque	570 1540	299 838	0.92 0.68
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MATERIAL	TEMPERATURE		EMISSIVITY
	°F	°C
Red lead	212	100	0.93
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MATERIAL	TEMPERATURE		EMISSIVITY
	°F	°C
Rhodium flash: 0.0002 on 0.0005 Ni	200 to 700	93 to 271	0.10 to 0.18
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MATERIAL	TEMPERATURE		EMISSIVITY
	°F	°C
Rubber:
Hard	74	23	0.94
Soft, gray	76	24	0.86
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MATERIAL	TEMPERATURE		EMISSIVITY
	°F	°C
Sand	68	20	0.76
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MATERIAL	TEMPERATURE		EMISSIVITY
	°F	°C
Sawdust	68	20	0.75
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MATERIAL	TEMPERATURE		EMISSIVITY
	°F	°C
Silica:
Glazed	1832	1000	0.85
Unglazed	2012	1100	0.75
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MATERIAL	TEMPERATURE		EMISSIVITY
	°F	°C
Silver:
Plate 0.0005 on nickel	200 to 700	93 to 271	0.06 to 0.07
Polished	100 500 1000 2000	38 260 538 1093	0.01 0.02 0.03 0.03
Slate	100	38	0.67 to 0.80
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MATERIAL	TEMPERATURE		EMISSIVITY
	°F	°C
Snow:
Fine particles	20	7	0.82
Granular	18	8	0.89
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MATERIAL	TEMPERATURE		EMISSIVITY
	°F	°C
Soil:
Surface	100	38	0.38
Black loam	68	20	0.66
Plowed field	68	20	0.38
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MATERIAL	TEMPERATURE		EMISSIVITY
	°F	°C
Steel:
Cold rolled	200	93	0.75 to 0.85
Ground sheet	1720 to 2010	938 to 1099	0.55 to 0.61
Polished sheet	100 500 1000	38 260 538	0.07 0.10 0.14
Mild steel, polished	75	24	0.10
Mild steel, smooth	75	24	0.12
Mile steel, liquid	2910 to 3270	1599 to 1799	0.28
Unoxidized	77 212	25 100	0.80 0.08
Oxidized	77	25	0.80
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MATERIAL	TEMPERATURE		EMISSIVITY
	°F	°C
Steel alloys:
Type 301, polished	75 450 1740	24 232 949	0.27 0.57 0.55
Type 303, oxidized	600 to 2000	316 to 1093	0.74 to 0.87
Type 310, rolled	1500 to 2100	816 to 1149	0.56 to 0.81
Type 316, polished	75 450 1740	24 232 949	0.28 0.57 0.66
Type 321	200 to 800	93 to 427	0.27 to 0.32
Type 321, polished	300 to 1500	149 to 816	0.18 to 0.49
Type 321, with black oxide	200 to 800	93 to 427	0.66 to 0.76
Type 347, oxidized	600 to 2000	316 to 1093	0.87 to 0.91
Type 350	200 to 800	93 to 427	0.18 to 0.27
Type 350, polished	300 to 1800	149 to 982	0.11 to 0.35
Type 446, polished	300 to 1500	419 to 816	0.15 to 0.37
Type 17-7PH	200 to 600	93 to 315	0.44 to 0.51
Type 17-7PH, polished	300 to 1500	149 to 816	0.09 to 0.16
Type C1020, oxidized	600 to 2000	316 to 1093	0.87 to 0.91
Type PH-15-7MO	300 to 1200	149 to 649	0.07 to 0.19
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MATERIAL	TEMPERATURE		EMISSIVITY
	°F	°C
Stellite, polished	68	20	0.18
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MATERIAL	TEMPERATURE		EMISSIVITY
	°F	°C
Stonework	100	38	0.93
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MATERIAL	TEMPERATURE		EMISSIVITY
	°F	°C
Tantalum:
Unoxidized	1340 2000 3600 5306	727 1093 1982 2930	0.14 0.19 0.26 0.30
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MATERIAL	TEMPERATURE		EMISSIVITY
	°F	°C
Tin:
Unoxidized	77 212	25 100	0.04 0.05
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MATERIAL	TEMPERATURE		EMISSIVITY
	°F	°C
Tinned iron:
Bright	76 212	24 100	0.05 0.08
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MATERIAL	TEMPERATURE		EMISSIVITY
	°F	°C
Titanium:
Alloy C110M, polished	300 to 1200	149 to 649	0.08 to 0.19
Alloy C110M, oxidized @ 1000°F	200 to 800	93 to 427	0.51 to 0.61
Alloy TI-95A, oxidized @ 1000°F	200 to 800	93 to 427	0.35 to 0.48
Anodized onto stainless steel	200 to 600	93 to 316	0.96 to 0.82
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MATERIAL	TEMPERATURE		EMISSIVITY
	°F	°C
Tungsten:
Unoxidized	77 212 932 1832 2732 3632	25 100 500 1000 1500 2000	0.02 0.03 0.07 0.15 0.23 0.28
Filament (aged)	100 1000 5000	38 538 2760	0.03 0.11 0.35
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MATERIAL	TEMPERATURE		EMISSIVITY
	°F	°C
Uranium oxide	1880	1027	0.79
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MATERIAL	TEMPERATURE		EMISSIVITY
	°F	°C
Water	100	38	0.93
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MATERIAL	TEMPERATURE		EMISSIVITY
	°F	°C
Wood:	Low		0.80 to 0.90
Beech, planed	158	70	0.94
Oak, planed	100	38	0.91
Spruce, sanded	100	38	0.89
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MATERIAL	TEMPERATURE		EMISSIVITY
	°F	°C
Wrought iron:
Dull	77 660	25 349	0.94 0.94
Smooth	100	38	0.35
Polished	100	38	0.28
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MATERIAL	TEMPERATURE		EMISSIVITY
	°F	°C
Zinc:
Bright galvanized	100	38	0.23
Commercial 99.1%	500	260	0.05
Galvanized	100	38	0.28
Oxidized	500 to 1000	260 to 538	0.11
Polished	100 500 1000 2000	38 260 538 1093	0.02 0.03 0.04 0.06

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